Page 8
Archaeology
Archaeological resources include the material evidence of any past human activity found below or partially below the ground. Old wells, cisterns, foundation stones, piers, walkways, soil stratifications, and even buried refuse piles are all examples of archaeological features that can reveal valuable information about the history of a site and the lifestyles of the previous occupants. In a historic district such archaeological features often provide useful information on the location of earlier additions and outbuildings, previous garden designs, fence lines and patterns of site use. Unfortunately, the uncovering of archaeological resources endangers them, for exposure to the elements typically accelerates their deterioration. Consequently, protecting archaeological resources is best accomplished by leaving them undisturbed in situ
Archaeology
Archaeological resources include the material evidence of any past human activity found below or partially below the ground. Old wells, cisterns, foundation stones, piers, walkways, soil stratifications, and even buried refuse piles are all examples of archaeological features that can reveal valuable information about the history of a site and the lifestyles of the previous occupants. In a historic district such archaeological features often provide useful information on the location of earlier additions and outbuildings, previous garden designs, fence lines and patterns of site use. Unfortunately, the uncovering of archaeological resources endangers them, for exposure to the elements typically accelerates their deterioration. Consequently, protecting archaeological resources is best accomplished by leaving them undisturbed in situ
Planning
Considerations
Any sort of ground disturbance—from routine yard work to regrading of a site to excavating for new construction—may uncover archaeological features. The best strategy for protecting archaeological resources in the historic district is to minimize any ground disturbance; however, should minor site work (such as creating a new walkway or drainage path) reveal archaeological evidence, the property owner is encouraged to record the evidence through photographs before continuing with the work. To prevent unnecessary destruction of archaeological resources, any proposed major construction or excavation project should include an archaeological review during the planning process by a professional archaeologist to determine whether the work is likely to destroy significant archaeological resources. The Office of State Archaeology in the Division of Archives and History will provide such assistance to property owners.
Page 9
Guidelines: Archaeology
1.Retain and preserve in situ known archaeological resources that
contribute to the overall history of the historic district or site.
2.Protect and maintain known archaeological resources from
damage when implementing any site work or new construction.
When site work is planned, survey and document the site in advance
to determine any potential impact the site disturbances may have on
archaeological resources
.
3.Minimize site disturbances and changes to terrain within the
historic districts to reduce any potential damage to known or unknown
archaeological resources. It is not appropriate to risk damage
to important archaeological resources by using heavy machinery or
equipment on sites containing significant archaeological features.
4.If the preservation of a significant archaeological feature in place
is not possible, work with professional archaeologists and use current
archaeological methods to plan and execute any necessary investigations.
5.If archaeological resources uncovered during site work cannot
be preserved in place, record the archaeological evidence.
Apply these guidelines to known archaeological resources that are significant to the history of an individual site or to the historic district and to proposed site changes that could impact known or unknown archaeological resources in the historic districts.
Page 10
Plantings and Site Features
The preservation of plantings and natural site features, including changes in grade, is less easily defined than that of constructed building and artifacts. For plantings are continually growing, landscapes are evolving, and it is not possible to “freeze” natural elements in time or size. However, significant plantings—including mature
trees, hedges, foundation plantings, and gardens that play a prominent role in defining the site context for district buildings and streetscapes—warrant efforts to maintain them. Such maintenance efforts might include routine pruning, fertilizing, and treatment for disease. They should not include excessive pruning or “topping” of
trees so their shape is substantially altered. If a significant tree or planting is so diseased or damaged that it must be removed, it should be replaced with a healthy new specimen that will create a similar appearance at maturity.
Grassy front lawns with foundation plantings and mature shade trees are typical within the districts. Hedges sometimes define property lines.
Plantings and Site Features
1.Retain and preserve plantings and site features that contribute
to the overall historic character of the district.
2.Retain and preserve the historic site features and plantings that
relate the buildings and their sites—including site topography,
hedges, retaining walls, sidewalks, mature trees, foundation
plantings, walkways, and driveways. It is not appropriate to substantially
alter the topography of a district site through excavating, grading,
or filling.
3.Protect and maintain functional and decorative built and landscape
site features through appropriate maintenance as well as pruning
of plantings. It is not appropriate to disfigure the shape of mature
trees through excessive pruning or “topping.”
4.Protect historic site features and plantings from damage during
or as a result of any site work or new construction activity.
5.Repair deteriorated site features—such as retaining walls,
terraces, patios, walkways, trellises, and fountains—and their distinctive
features and materials by preservation methods appropriate for
the specific materials.
6.If all or parts of a constructed site feature are too deteriorated to
repair, replace to match the original in design, dimension, material,
pattern, detail, and texture. If possible, limit replacement to the
deteriorated section only. Consider a compatible substitute material
only if it is not feasible to replace in kind.
7.If all or parts of a constructed site feature are missing, either
replace them to match the missing original (based upon accurate
documentation) or replace them with a new feature that is compatible
in design, scale, material, and detail with the building.
8.Replace significant plantings, including mature trees, prominent
hedges, and foundation plantings, that are diseased or damaged with
new plantings that are similar if not identical in species. Select replacement
plantings that, when mature, will create a similar appearance
and scale to the original plantings. It is not appropriate to
remove a planting that contributes to the overall character of the
historic district unless it is diseased or damaged.
9.Introduce compatible new site features or plantings, if needed,
with care so that the overall historic character of the site and district is
not compromised or diminished. It is not appropriate to introduce
raised planting beds, landscape timbers, or contemporary edging
materials in front yards.
10.Introduce contemporary site features and plantings, such as
swimming pools, mechanical units, playground equipment, storage
buildings, solar panels, and telecommunication equipment, only in
locations that are not visible from the street and do not compromise
the historic character of the site or district.
Page 12
Driveways, Walkways, and Offstreet Parking
The movement of automobiles and pedestrians through Statesville’s historic districts is accommodated by concrete sidewalks and brick or concrete walkways, asphalt streets edged with granite or concrete curbs, and single lane driveways. Harkening back to an era less dominated by the automobile, some adjoining properties share narrow driveways requiring neighborly cooperation and courtesy. In the residential neighborhoods, the rear yard parking area or garage was
typically designed to accommodate one or, at most, two cars. The driveways vary in their materials from gravel, to concrete runners, to asphalt toppings or concrete. Typically they lead directly back to the rear yard or garage, although a few circular drives can be found.
This house features a circular drive. It is located in the Academy Hill District.
Any sort of ground disturbance—from routine yard work to regrading of a site to excavating for new construction—may uncover archaeological features. The best strategy for protecting archaeological resources in the historic district is to minimize any ground disturbance; however, should minor site work (such as creating a new walkway or drainage path) reveal archaeological evidence, the property owner is encouraged to record the evidence through photographs before continuing with the work. To prevent unnecessary destruction of archaeological resources, any proposed major construction or excavation project should include an archaeological review during the planning process by a professional archaeologist to determine whether the work is likely to destroy significant archaeological resources. The Office of State Archaeology in the Division of Archives and History will provide such assistance to property owners.
Page 9
Guidelines: Archaeology
1.Retain and preserve in situ known archaeological resources that
contribute to the overall history of the historic district or site.
2.Protect and maintain known archaeological resources from
damage when implementing any site work or new construction.
When site work is planned, survey and document the site in advance
to determine any potential impact the site disturbances may have on
archaeological resources
.
3.Minimize site disturbances and changes to terrain within the
historic districts to reduce any potential damage to known or unknown
archaeological resources. It is not appropriate to risk damage
to important archaeological resources by using heavy machinery or
equipment on sites containing significant archaeological features.
4.If the preservation of a significant archaeological feature in place
is not possible, work with professional archaeologists and use current
archaeological methods to plan and execute any necessary investigations.
5.If archaeological resources uncovered during site work cannot
be preserved in place, record the archaeological evidence.
Apply these guidelines to known archaeological resources that are significant to the history of an individual site or to the historic district and to proposed site changes that could impact known or unknown archaeological resources in the historic districts.
Page 10
Plantings and Site Features
The preservation of plantings and natural site features, including changes in grade, is less easily defined than that of constructed building and artifacts. For plantings are continually growing, landscapes are evolving, and it is not possible to “freeze” natural elements in time or size. However, significant plantings—including mature
trees, hedges, foundation plantings, and gardens that play a prominent role in defining the site context for district buildings and streetscapes—warrant efforts to maintain them. Such maintenance efforts might include routine pruning, fertilizing, and treatment for disease. They should not include excessive pruning or “topping” of
trees so their shape is substantially altered. If a significant tree or planting is so diseased or damaged that it must be removed, it should be replaced with a healthy new specimen that will create a similar appearance at maturity.
Planning
Considerations
While many landscaping decisions are entirely up to the individual property owner, a Certificate of Appropriateness is required for the removal of mature ornamentals as well as other trees over 8 inches in diameter at 4 feet off the ground and for any proposed site work and landscaping related to new construction or parking areas.
As new plantings and trees are added to properties within the historic districts, it is important to consider the overall setting and site character. Introducing plantings that will reinforce or maintain the enclosed or open sense of the property as they evolve and mature is always desirable. A listing of recommended plantings is included in the Appendixes. The City’s Urban Forester can also provide technical advice to property owners.
In historic districts, the introduction of large contemporary manmade site features such as swimming pools and large playground equipment is often a challenge. Such features require identifying an unobtrusive location that minimizes their impact on the historic district and successfully screens their visibility from the street. Smaller features, such as mechanical equipment units and dumpsters can usually be located in side or rear yards and screened from view through plantings or fencing. Garbage cans should be retained in rear yard locations or screened from view.
While many landscaping decisions are entirely up to the individual property owner, a Certificate of Appropriateness is required for the removal of mature ornamentals as well as other trees over 8 inches in diameter at 4 feet off the ground and for any proposed site work and landscaping related to new construction or parking areas.
As new plantings and trees are added to properties within the historic districts, it is important to consider the overall setting and site character. Introducing plantings that will reinforce or maintain the enclosed or open sense of the property as they evolve and mature is always desirable. A listing of recommended plantings is included in the Appendixes. The City’s Urban Forester can also provide technical advice to property owners.
In historic districts, the introduction of large contemporary manmade site features such as swimming pools and large playground equipment is often a challenge. Such features require identifying an unobtrusive location that minimizes their impact on the historic district and successfully screens their visibility from the street. Smaller features, such as mechanical equipment units and dumpsters can usually be located in side or rear yards and screened from view through plantings or fencing. Garbage cans should be retained in rear yard locations or screened from view.
Grassy front lawns with foundation plantings and mature shade trees are typical within the districts. Hedges sometimes define property lines.
Page 11
Plantings and Site Features
1.Retain and preserve plantings and site features that contribute
to the overall historic character of the district.
2.Retain and preserve the historic site features and plantings that
relate the buildings and their sites—including site topography,
hedges, retaining walls, sidewalks, mature trees, foundation
plantings, walkways, and driveways. It is not appropriate to substantially
alter the topography of a district site through excavating, grading,
or filling.
3.Protect and maintain functional and decorative built and landscape
site features through appropriate maintenance as well as pruning
of plantings. It is not appropriate to disfigure the shape of mature
trees through excessive pruning or “topping.”
4.Protect historic site features and plantings from damage during
or as a result of any site work or new construction activity.
5.Repair deteriorated site features—such as retaining walls,
terraces, patios, walkways, trellises, and fountains—and their distinctive
features and materials by preservation methods appropriate for
the specific materials.
6.If all or parts of a constructed site feature are too deteriorated to
repair, replace to match the original in design, dimension, material,
pattern, detail, and texture. If possible, limit replacement to the
deteriorated section only. Consider a compatible substitute material
only if it is not feasible to replace in kind.
7.If all or parts of a constructed site feature are missing, either
replace them to match the missing original (based upon accurate
documentation) or replace them with a new feature that is compatible
in design, scale, material, and detail with the building.
8.Replace significant plantings, including mature trees, prominent
hedges, and foundation plantings, that are diseased or damaged with
new plantings that are similar if not identical in species. Select replacement
plantings that, when mature, will create a similar appearance
and scale to the original plantings. It is not appropriate to
remove a planting that contributes to the overall character of the
historic district unless it is diseased or damaged.
9.Introduce compatible new site features or plantings, if needed,
with care so that the overall historic character of the site and district is
not compromised or diminished. It is not appropriate to introduce
raised planting beds, landscape timbers, or contemporary edging
materials in front yards.
10.Introduce contemporary site features and plantings, such as
swimming pools, mechanical units, playground equipment, storage
buildings, solar panels, and telecommunication equipment, only in
locations that are not visible from the street and do not compromise
the historic character of the site or district.
| Apply these guidelines to
excisting plantings and site features that contribute to the overall
historic character of a site or district and to proposed new plantings
and site features in the historic districts. |
Page 12
Driveways, Walkways, and Offstreet Parking
The movement of automobiles and pedestrians through Statesville’s historic districts is accommodated by concrete sidewalks and brick or concrete walkways, asphalt streets edged with granite or concrete curbs, and single lane driveways. Harkening back to an era less dominated by the automobile, some adjoining properties share narrow driveways requiring neighborly cooperation and courtesy. In the residential neighborhoods, the rear yard parking area or garage was
typically designed to accommodate one or, at most, two cars. The driveways vary in their materials from gravel, to concrete runners, to asphalt toppings or concrete. Typically they lead directly back to the rear yard or garage, although a few circular drives can be found.
This house features a circular drive. It is located in the Academy Hill District.
Planning Considerations
The routine maintenance of existing driveways, walkways, and offstreet parking areas is generally the best means of preserving them. As sections become deteriorated, it is important to replace them in kind so the new sections are compatible in material, color, design, dimension, and texture with the rest. Likewise, when full replacement is warranted, the same compatibility of design and materials is sought.
Often, providing expanded offstreet parking in residential historic districts presents a real challenge, especially on small lots. Additional parking can only be accommodated if it can be located in the rear or rear side yard where it can be screened from view. In addition, it is important not to pave so much of the rear yard that its residential character is compromised either because the paved area is so large or it abuts the principal building, eliminating the space for a foundation planting strip. Care must also be taken that the parking area is visually screened from adjacent properties through plantings and/or fencing.
In situations where larger institutional parking lots are planned within historic districts, it is important to minimize their impact by screening the lot from view and subdividing the paved area with landscaped islands or medians that allow large trees to be retained— or new plantings to be introduced.
It is always critical to ensure that new driveways, walkways, and offstreet parking areas do not result in the loss of significant site features and plantings. It is especially important to protect archaeological features as well as mature trees and their roots from damage during or as a result of the related site construction.
Typically, front walks lead directly from the sidewalk to the front porch
Guidelines: Driveways, Walkways, and Offstreet Parking
1.Retain and preserve historic driveways, walkways, and offstreet
parking areas that contribute to the overall historic character of the
district.
2.Retain and preserve the historic features, materials, details, and
finishes of historic driveways, walkways, and offstreet parking
areas—including their dimensions, details, patterns, and texture.
3.Protect and maintain the functional and decorative features of
driveways, walkways, and offstreet parking areas through routine
inspections and appropriate maintenance and repair methods.
4.Repair deteriorated driveways, walkways, and offstreet parking
areas and their distinctive features and materials by preservation
methods appropriate for the specific materials.
5.If all or parts of a historic driveway, walkway, or offstreet parking
area are too deteriorated to repair, replace to match the original in
design, dimension, material, pattern, color, and texture. If possible,
limit replacement to the deteriorated section only. Consider a compatible
substitute material only if it is not feasible to replace in kind.
6.If all or parts of a historic driveway, walkway, or offstreet parking
area are missing, either replace them to match the missing original
(based upon accurate documentation) or replace them with a new
feature that is compatible in design, scale, material, texture, and detail
with the overall historic character of the site and district.
7.Introduce new driveways, walkways, and offstreet parking
areas, if needed, with care so that the overall historic character of the
site and district is not compromised or diminished. Their location
and configuration must be consistent with the character of the building,
site, and district. Locate new driveways, walkways, and offstreet
parking so that the general topography of the site and significant site
features and mature trees are not altered, damaged, or lost. In residential
districts, it is not appropriate to locate offstreet parking areas
in locations visible from the street, where the paving will abut the
principal building, or where the paved area will substantially alter the
proportion of the site that is paved versus landscaped.
8.Construct new driveways, walkways, and offstreet parking areas
in traditional materials and in designs that are compatible with the
site in configuration, scale, materials, and detail.
9.Protect significant site features and mature plantings from
damage during or as a result of the construction of new driveways,
walkways, or offstreet parking areas.
10.Screen new offstreet parking areas from view and buffer adjacent
properties from their visual impact through the use of perimeter
plantings, fences, walls, or hedges. To lessen the visual impact of
large parking areas, subdivide them with interior planting medians or
islands.
Page 14
Garages and Accessory Structures
A number of early garages, outbuildings, and storage sheds can still be found within Statesville’s historic districts. The garages are typically one bay wide, located in the back yard, and are oriented with the large doors opening towards the street. Most are frame structures although a few brick houses have matching brick garages. Traditionally, smaller storage sheds and accessory buildings were also located in the rear yards.
Planning Considerations
The preservation of early garages and accessory structures requires regular maintenance and repair of the various building elements and materials as per the pertinent guidelines in this publication. If deterioration or damage is severe, the construction of a new garage or accessory structure may be warranted. The proposed design should be reviewed according to the guidelines for New Construction and particular attention should be given to the compatibility of the new design with the principal structure in terms of roof form and cladding materials. Given the small size and simple form of most garages in Statesville’s districts, it is best to keep the new garages single bay in width and equally simple in form.
If needed, prefabricated, utilitarian storage sheds may be considered for rear yard locations that are not visible from the street. Simple gable-roofed wooden storage buildings are more compatible with the character of the historic districts than aluminum or vinyl clad storage units. Storage buildings should be painted in colors that are compatible with the main house.
Page 15
Guidelines: Garages and Accessory Structures
1.Retain and preserve garages and accessory buildings that
contribute to the overall historic character of the district.
2.Retain and preserve the historic features, materials, details, and
finishes of historic garages and accessory buildings—including their
overall form, roof, foundations, siding or masonry walls, windows,
doors, and trimwork.
3.Protect and maintain the functional and decorative features of
garages and accessory buildings through routine inspections and
appropriate maintenance and repair methods.
4.Repair deteriorated garages and accessory structures and their
distinctive features and materials by preservation methods appropriate
for the specific materials.
5.If all or parts of a historic garage or accessory structure are too
deteriorated to repair, replace to match the original in design, dimension,
material, pattern, color, and texture. If possible, limit replacement
to the deteriorated section only. Consider a compatible substitute
material only if it is not feasible to replace in kind.
6.If all or parts of a historic garage or accessory structure are
missing, either replace them to match the missing original (based
upon accurate documentation) or replace them with a new feature
that is compatible in design, scale, material, finish, and detail with the
overall historic character of the principal building, site, and district.
7.Introduce compatible new garages and accessory buildings, if
needed, with care so that the overall historic character of the principal
building, site, and district is not compromised or diminished. Ensure
that the location, orientation, height, scale, and form of new garages
and accessory buildings are consistent with that of historic garages
and accessory structures in the district.
8.Construct new garages and accessory structures in traditional
materials and in designs that are compatible with the site in configuration,
scale, materials, and detail. Maintain the traditional height,
proportion, and orientation of garages and accessory buildings in the
district.
9.Protect significant site features and mature plantings from
damage during or as a result of the construction of garages and
accessory structures.
10.It is not appropriate to add features or details to a garage or
accessory structure in an attempt to create a false historical appearance.
Page 16
Exterior Lighting
Historically, exterior lighting in residential neighborhoods such as Statesville’s historic districts was minimal. Simple porch lights and occasional street lamps were often the only sources of exterior lighting.
Planning Considerations
Often contemporary expectations and safety or security concerns lead to far higher levels of night-time site lighting in neighborhoods. Such demands should be met in ways that do not compromise the historic character of the site or district. Selective low-level lighting in key locations and the use of directional fixtures can help prevent problems with excessive lighting in historic districts. Timers and motion sensors that control light sources are also beneficial in limiting the impact of exterior lighting.
When designing the introduction of supplemental exterior lighting, consider the design, materials, size, scale, and color of proposed fixtures as well as the brightness, height, and direction of the proposed light source. Direct lights towards the surface, such as steps or a path, to be lighted rather than illuminating the entire area. It is
important not to overuse footlights, for the use of multiple low lights can create an undesirable, non-historic runway effect along walkways. Where low-mounted footlights are not appropriate, consider modest height post mounted fixtures that are compatible with the human scale of the historic districts.
Page 17
Guidelines: Exterior Lighting
1.Retain and preserve exterior lighting fixtures that contribute to
the overall historic character of the district.
2.Retain and preserve the features, materials, details, and finishes
of historic exterior lighting fixtures.
3.Protect and maintain the functional and decorative features of
exterior lighting fixtures through routine inspections and appropriate
maintenance and repair methods.
4.If all or parts of a historic exterior lighting fixture are too deteriorated
to repair, replace with a fixture that is similar in design, scale,
material, and finish.
5.Introduce exterior lighting fixtures, if needed, with care so that
the overall historic character of the principal building, site, and
district is not compromised or diminished. Ensure that the location,
orientation, brightness, height, scale, and design of new exterior
lighting fixtures are compatible with the human scale and historic
character of the district.
6.In residential areas, introduce low-level lighting where needed
to ensure safety and security. Utilize discreet, unobtrusive fixtures—
such as footlights, recessed lights, directional lights, and lights on
human-scale posts—to minimize their impact on the overall historic
character of the site. Locate such fixtures with care and use directional
lighting as necessary to prevent the security lighting from
invading adjacent properties.
7.It is not appropriate to introduce indiscriminate lighting or to
over-illuminate the facades or front yards of houses in the historic
district. It is not appropriate to introduce multiple lights along front
walks to create a runway effect.
8.It is not appropriate to introduce period lighting fixtures from
an era earlier than the historic building or district in an attempt to
create a false historical appearance.
9.Introduce exterior lighting of site features and plantings, if
needed, so that it does not compromise the historic character of the
site or district.
Page 18
Signage
Institutional signs, traffic signs, historic district signs, and signs identifying the name and date of some historic buildings are all found within Statesville’s primarily residential historic districts. Signage for some commercial businesses within the districts can also be found.
This sign in appropriate for this Bed and Breakfast in the Mitchell College District.
The routine maintenance of existing driveways, walkways, and offstreet parking areas is generally the best means of preserving them. As sections become deteriorated, it is important to replace them in kind so the new sections are compatible in material, color, design, dimension, and texture with the rest. Likewise, when full replacement is warranted, the same compatibility of design and materials is sought.
Often, providing expanded offstreet parking in residential historic districts presents a real challenge, especially on small lots. Additional parking can only be accommodated if it can be located in the rear or rear side yard where it can be screened from view. In addition, it is important not to pave so much of the rear yard that its residential character is compromised either because the paved area is so large or it abuts the principal building, eliminating the space for a foundation planting strip. Care must also be taken that the parking area is visually screened from adjacent properties through plantings and/or fencing.
In situations where larger institutional parking lots are planned within historic districts, it is important to minimize their impact by screening the lot from view and subdividing the paved area with landscaped islands or medians that allow large trees to be retained— or new plantings to be introduced.
It is always critical to ensure that new driveways, walkways, and offstreet parking areas do not result in the loss of significant site features and plantings. It is especially important to protect archaeological features as well as mature trees and their roots from damage during or as a result of the related site construction.
Typically, front walks lead directly from the sidewalk to the front porch
Page 13
Guidelines: Driveways, Walkways, and Offstreet Parking
1.Retain and preserve historic driveways, walkways, and offstreet
parking areas that contribute to the overall historic character of the
district.
2.Retain and preserve the historic features, materials, details, and
finishes of historic driveways, walkways, and offstreet parking
areas—including their dimensions, details, patterns, and texture.
3.Protect and maintain the functional and decorative features of
driveways, walkways, and offstreet parking areas through routine
inspections and appropriate maintenance and repair methods.
4.Repair deteriorated driveways, walkways, and offstreet parking
areas and their distinctive features and materials by preservation
methods appropriate for the specific materials.
5.If all or parts of a historic driveway, walkway, or offstreet parking
area are too deteriorated to repair, replace to match the original in
design, dimension, material, pattern, color, and texture. If possible,
limit replacement to the deteriorated section only. Consider a compatible
substitute material only if it is not feasible to replace in kind.
6.If all or parts of a historic driveway, walkway, or offstreet parking
area are missing, either replace them to match the missing original
(based upon accurate documentation) or replace them with a new
feature that is compatible in design, scale, material, texture, and detail
with the overall historic character of the site and district.
7.Introduce new driveways, walkways, and offstreet parking
areas, if needed, with care so that the overall historic character of the
site and district is not compromised or diminished. Their location
and configuration must be consistent with the character of the building,
site, and district. Locate new driveways, walkways, and offstreet
parking so that the general topography of the site and significant site
features and mature trees are not altered, damaged, or lost. In residential
districts, it is not appropriate to locate offstreet parking areas
in locations visible from the street, where the paving will abut the
principal building, or where the paved area will substantially alter the
proportion of the site that is paved versus landscaped.
8.Construct new driveways, walkways, and offstreet parking areas
in traditional materials and in designs that are compatible with the
site in configuration, scale, materials, and detail.
9.Protect significant site features and mature plantings from
damage during or as a result of the construction of new driveways,
walkways, or offstreet parking areas.
10.Screen new offstreet parking areas from view and buffer adjacent
properties from their visual impact through the use of perimeter
plantings, fences, walls, or hedges. To lessen the visual impact of
large parking areas, subdivide them with interior planting medians or
islands.
| Apply these guidelines to
existing driveways, walkways, and offstreet parking areas that contribute to the overall historic character of a site or district and to proposed new driveways, walkways, and offstreet parking areas in the historic districts. |
Page 14
Garages and Accessory Structures
A number of early garages, outbuildings, and storage sheds can still be found within Statesville’s historic districts. The garages are typically one bay wide, located in the back yard, and are oriented with the large doors opening towards the street. Most are frame structures although a few brick houses have matching brick garages. Traditionally, smaller storage sheds and accessory buildings were also located in the rear yards.
Planning Considerations
The preservation of early garages and accessory structures requires regular maintenance and repair of the various building elements and materials as per the pertinent guidelines in this publication. If deterioration or damage is severe, the construction of a new garage or accessory structure may be warranted. The proposed design should be reviewed according to the guidelines for New Construction and particular attention should be given to the compatibility of the new design with the principal structure in terms of roof form and cladding materials. Given the small size and simple form of most garages in Statesville’s districts, it is best to keep the new garages single bay in width and equally simple in form.
If needed, prefabricated, utilitarian storage sheds may be considered for rear yard locations that are not visible from the street. Simple gable-roofed wooden storage buildings are more compatible with the character of the historic districts than aluminum or vinyl clad storage units. Storage buildings should be painted in colors that are compatible with the main house.
Page 15
Guidelines: Garages and Accessory Structures
1.Retain and preserve garages and accessory buildings that
contribute to the overall historic character of the district.
2.Retain and preserve the historic features, materials, details, and
finishes of historic garages and accessory buildings—including their
overall form, roof, foundations, siding or masonry walls, windows,
doors, and trimwork.
3.Protect and maintain the functional and decorative features of
garages and accessory buildings through routine inspections and
appropriate maintenance and repair methods.
4.Repair deteriorated garages and accessory structures and their
distinctive features and materials by preservation methods appropriate
for the specific materials.
5.If all or parts of a historic garage or accessory structure are too
deteriorated to repair, replace to match the original in design, dimension,
material, pattern, color, and texture. If possible, limit replacement
to the deteriorated section only. Consider a compatible substitute
material only if it is not feasible to replace in kind.
6.If all or parts of a historic garage or accessory structure are
missing, either replace them to match the missing original (based
upon accurate documentation) or replace them with a new feature
that is compatible in design, scale, material, finish, and detail with the
overall historic character of the principal building, site, and district.
7.Introduce compatible new garages and accessory buildings, if
needed, with care so that the overall historic character of the principal
building, site, and district is not compromised or diminished. Ensure
that the location, orientation, height, scale, and form of new garages
and accessory buildings are consistent with that of historic garages
and accessory structures in the district.
8.Construct new garages and accessory structures in traditional
materials and in designs that are compatible with the site in configuration,
scale, materials, and detail. Maintain the traditional height,
proportion, and orientation of garages and accessory buildings in the
district.
9.Protect significant site features and mature plantings from
damage during or as a result of the construction of garages and
accessory structures.
10.It is not appropriate to add features or details to a garage or
accessory structure in an attempt to create a false historical appearance.
Page 16
Exterior Lighting
Historically, exterior lighting in residential neighborhoods such as Statesville’s historic districts was minimal. Simple porch lights and occasional street lamps were often the only sources of exterior lighting.
Planning Considerations
Often contemporary expectations and safety or security concerns lead to far higher levels of night-time site lighting in neighborhoods. Such demands should be met in ways that do not compromise the historic character of the site or district. Selective low-level lighting in key locations and the use of directional fixtures can help prevent problems with excessive lighting in historic districts. Timers and motion sensors that control light sources are also beneficial in limiting the impact of exterior lighting.
When designing the introduction of supplemental exterior lighting, consider the design, materials, size, scale, and color of proposed fixtures as well as the brightness, height, and direction of the proposed light source. Direct lights towards the surface, such as steps or a path, to be lighted rather than illuminating the entire area. It is
important not to overuse footlights, for the use of multiple low lights can create an undesirable, non-historic runway effect along walkways. Where low-mounted footlights are not appropriate, consider modest height post mounted fixtures that are compatible with the human scale of the historic districts.
Page 17
Guidelines: Exterior Lighting
1.Retain and preserve exterior lighting fixtures that contribute to
the overall historic character of the district.
2.Retain and preserve the features, materials, details, and finishes
of historic exterior lighting fixtures.
3.Protect and maintain the functional and decorative features of
exterior lighting fixtures through routine inspections and appropriate
maintenance and repair methods.
4.If all or parts of a historic exterior lighting fixture are too deteriorated
to repair, replace with a fixture that is similar in design, scale,
material, and finish.
5.Introduce exterior lighting fixtures, if needed, with care so that
the overall historic character of the principal building, site, and
district is not compromised or diminished. Ensure that the location,
orientation, brightness, height, scale, and design of new exterior
lighting fixtures are compatible with the human scale and historic
character of the district.
6.In residential areas, introduce low-level lighting where needed
to ensure safety and security. Utilize discreet, unobtrusive fixtures—
such as footlights, recessed lights, directional lights, and lights on
human-scale posts—to minimize their impact on the overall historic
character of the site. Locate such fixtures with care and use directional
lighting as necessary to prevent the security lighting from
invading adjacent properties.
7.It is not appropriate to introduce indiscriminate lighting or to
over-illuminate the facades or front yards of houses in the historic
district. It is not appropriate to introduce multiple lights along front
walks to create a runway effect.
8.It is not appropriate to introduce period lighting fixtures from
an era earlier than the historic building or district in an attempt to
create a false historical appearance.
9.Introduce exterior lighting of site features and plantings, if
needed, so that it does not compromise the historic character of the
site or district.
| Apply these guidelines to
existing exterior lighting fixtures that contribute to the overall historic character of a building, site, or district and to proposed new exterior lighting fixtures in the historic districts. |
Page 18
Signage
Institutional signs, traffic signs, historic district signs, and signs identifying the name and date of some historic buildings are all found within Statesville’s primarily residential historic districts. Signage for some commercial businesses within the districts can also be found.
This sign in appropriate for this Bed and Breakfast in the Mitchell College District.
Planning Considerations
Simple signs that do not detract from the overall historic character of the residential historic districts can discreetly provide necessary information or identification. It is important to carefully consider the design of the sign, including legibility of the typeface, color, and overall dimensions, as well as its supports and location. All signage
within the historic districts must also comply with the local sign ordinance. Appropriately designed and sited signs that are two feet by three feet or smaller may be approved by staff without commission review.
If signage must be added to a residential building, look for ways to install the sign without damaging or concealing significant architectural details. For example, applying clear adhesive films with opaque letters onto window or door glazing in appropriate locations is an inexpensive, unobtrusive and reversible way to add signage. Small plaques or wooden signs can sometimes be added to a building entrance without compromising the building as well. Larger signs in traditional materials can often be installed on low supports or a landscaped base to minimize their impact on the historic property. While painted wood or metal signs are appropriate within the historic districts, contemporary plastic signs and internally lighted signs are not.
Page 19
Guidelines: Signage
1.Retain and preserve historic signs that contribute to the overall
historic character of a building or district.
2.Retain and preserve the features, materials, details, and finishes
of historic signage.
3.Replace missing, deteriorated or damaged signs with new signs
that are compatible with the character of the building, site, and district.
4.Introduce new signage, if needed, with care so that the overall
historic character of the building, site, and district is not compromised
or diminished. Ensure that the location, orientation, material, height,
scale, and design of new signage are compatible with the historic
character of the building, site, and district.
5.In residential areas, install freestanding signs on low posts or
bases that are compatible with the pedestrian scale of the historic
district. Mount small identification signs on building facades in
locations that do not conceal or damage significant architectural
features or details.
6.Construct new signage out of traditional sign materials, such as
wood, stone, or metal. It is not appropriate to introduce new signage
in contemporary materials, such as plastics, or internally lighted signs
that are incompatible with the overall character of the historic district.
Page 20
Fences and Walls
As a result of Statesville’s rolling topography, retaining walls constructed of brick, stone, or cast stone edge the front yards and driveways of many homes accommodating the rise in grade from the street to the front yard. Stone, brick or concrete steps generally lead up to these houses allowing the pedestrian access from the public sidewalk. Occasional low iron or wooden picket fences and hedges are also found in the districts, edging the perimeter of some front and side
yards. Typically the wooden fences are painted white and the iron fences are painted in black or other dark colors. Higher wooden privacy fences enclose and screen the rear yards of some district houses.
The Mitchon House, located in the Mitchell College District has a retaining wall with steps leading up to the house from the sidewalk.
Simple signs that do not detract from the overall historic character of the residential historic districts can discreetly provide necessary information or identification. It is important to carefully consider the design of the sign, including legibility of the typeface, color, and overall dimensions, as well as its supports and location. All signage
within the historic districts must also comply with the local sign ordinance. Appropriately designed and sited signs that are two feet by three feet or smaller may be approved by staff without commission review.
If signage must be added to a residential building, look for ways to install the sign without damaging or concealing significant architectural details. For example, applying clear adhesive films with opaque letters onto window or door glazing in appropriate locations is an inexpensive, unobtrusive and reversible way to add signage. Small plaques or wooden signs can sometimes be added to a building entrance without compromising the building as well. Larger signs in traditional materials can often be installed on low supports or a landscaped base to minimize their impact on the historic property. While painted wood or metal signs are appropriate within the historic districts, contemporary plastic signs and internally lighted signs are not.
Page 19
Guidelines: Signage
1.Retain and preserve historic signs that contribute to the overall
historic character of a building or district.
2.Retain and preserve the features, materials, details, and finishes
of historic signage.
3.Replace missing, deteriorated or damaged signs with new signs
that are compatible with the character of the building, site, and district.
4.Introduce new signage, if needed, with care so that the overall
historic character of the building, site, and district is not compromised
or diminished. Ensure that the location, orientation, material, height,
scale, and design of new signage are compatible with the historic
character of the building, site, and district.
5.In residential areas, install freestanding signs on low posts or
bases that are compatible with the pedestrian scale of the historic
district. Mount small identification signs on building facades in
locations that do not conceal or damage significant architectural
features or details.
6.Construct new signage out of traditional sign materials, such as
wood, stone, or metal. It is not appropriate to introduce new signage
in contemporary materials, such as plastics, or internally lighted signs
that are incompatible with the overall character of the historic district.
| Apply these guidelines to
existing signs that contribute to the overall historic character of a building, site, or district and to proposed new signs in the historic districts. |
Page 20
Fences and Walls
As a result of Statesville’s rolling topography, retaining walls constructed of brick, stone, or cast stone edge the front yards and driveways of many homes accommodating the rise in grade from the street to the front yard. Stone, brick or concrete steps generally lead up to these houses allowing the pedestrian access from the public sidewalk. Occasional low iron or wooden picket fences and hedges are also found in the districts, edging the perimeter of some front and side
yards. Typically the wooden fences are painted white and the iron fences are painted in black or other dark colors. Higher wooden privacy fences enclose and screen the rear yards of some district houses.
The Mitchon House, located in the Mitchell College District has a retaining wall with steps leading up to the house from the sidewalk.
Planning Considerations
The maintenance and repair of walls and fences generally follow the guidelines for their specific materials. Keeping a sound paint film on wooden and iron fences to prevent moisture damage is an especially important regular maintenance item. Retaining walls can begin to lean, crack, or settle if they are not properly supported and drained.
The introduction of picket fences in front yards where none existed is generally discouraged as not in keeping with the historic character of the neighborhood. Should a new picket fence be warranted, however, it should be similar in height, materials, finish, and picket detail with traditional fences found within the districts. Fences along street frontages and front property lines may not exceed four feet in height.
A desire for privacy or a means to confine pets to rear yards may trigger the planning of a utilitarian rear yard fence. Fences along rear property lines and rear side yards may be up to six feet in height. Constructing privacy fences out of traditional materials such as wood and limiting their installation to rear or rear side yards can minimize their visual impact on the historic district while accommodating contemporary needs. Contemporary vinyl or metal chain link fences are not consistent with the overall historic character of the historic districts and they should only be considered for small applications, such as dog pens, in unobtrusive locations that are not visible from the street. They are not appropriate to use for larger applications such as defining property lines. Screening new or existing metal or vinyl fencing with plantings can soften their visual impact as well.
This new decorative cast iron picket fence is an appropriate choice for the front yard of a Victorian-era house.
The maintenance and repair of walls and fences generally follow the guidelines for their specific materials. Keeping a sound paint film on wooden and iron fences to prevent moisture damage is an especially important regular maintenance item. Retaining walls can begin to lean, crack, or settle if they are not properly supported and drained.
The introduction of picket fences in front yards where none existed is generally discouraged as not in keeping with the historic character of the neighborhood. Should a new picket fence be warranted, however, it should be similar in height, materials, finish, and picket detail with traditional fences found within the districts. Fences along street frontages and front property lines may not exceed four feet in height.
A desire for privacy or a means to confine pets to rear yards may trigger the planning of a utilitarian rear yard fence. Fences along rear property lines and rear side yards may be up to six feet in height. Constructing privacy fences out of traditional materials such as wood and limiting their installation to rear or rear side yards can minimize their visual impact on the historic district while accommodating contemporary needs. Contemporary vinyl or metal chain link fences are not consistent with the overall historic character of the historic districts and they should only be considered for small applications, such as dog pens, in unobtrusive locations that are not visible from the street. They are not appropriate to use for larger applications such as defining property lines. Screening new or existing metal or vinyl fencing with plantings can soften their visual impact as well.
This new decorative cast iron picket fence is an appropriate choice for the front yard of a Victorian-era house.
Page 21
Guidelines: Fences and Walls
1.Retain and preserve historic fences and walls that contribute to
the overall historic character of the district.
2.Retain and preserve the historic features, materials, details, and
finishes of historic fences and walls—including their dimensions,
details, patterns, and texture.
3.Protect and maintain the functional and decorative wood,
masonry, and architectural metal features of fences and walls through
appropriate maintenance and repair methods. For example:
• Inspect routinely for signs of deterioration due to moisture
damage, corrosion, structural damage, insect or fungal infestation,
or paint failure.
• Ensure adequate drainage to prevent water from collecting on
horizontal surfaces, along foundations, or on decorative
elements.
• Clean metal and wood fence surfaces using the gentlest
effective means to prepare for repainting and repaint as
necessary to maintain a protective paint film.
• Follow the design guidelines for maintaining wood, masonry,
and architectural metals as applicable.
4.Repair deteriorated fences and walls and their distinctive features
and materials by preservation methods appropriate for the
specific materials.
5.If all or parts of a historic fence or wall are too deteriorated to
repair, replace to match the original in design, dimension, material,
pattern, detail, and texture. If possible, limit replacement to the
deteriorated section only. Consider a compatible substitute material
only if it is not feasible to replace in kind.
6.If all or parts of a historic fence or wall are missing, either
replace them to match the missing original (based upon accurate
documentation) or replace them with a new feature that is compatible
in design, scale, material, and detail with the building.
7.Introduce compatible new fences or walls, if needed, with care
so that the overall historic character of the site and district is not
compromised or diminished. The location and configuration of new
fences and walls must be consistent with the character of the building
and site. Construct new fences and walls in traditional materials and
in designs that are compatible in configuration, scale, height, materials,
and detail with the district.
8.Introduce contemporary utilitarian fences and walls, if necessary,
only in rear or rear side yards and where they do not compromise
the historic character of the building, site, or district. It is not
appropriate to introduce contemporary vinyl or metal chain link
fences in locations that are visible from the street.
Page 22
Fences and Walls
Guidelines: Fences and Walls
1.Retain and preserve historic fences and walls that contribute to
the overall historic character of the district.
2.Retain and preserve the historic features, materials, details, and
finishes of historic fences and walls—including their dimensions,
details, patterns, and texture.
3.Protect and maintain the functional and decorative wood,
masonry, and architectural metal features of fences and walls through
appropriate maintenance and repair methods. For example:
• Inspect routinely for signs of deterioration due to moisture
damage, corrosion, structural damage, insect or fungal infestation,
or paint failure.
• Ensure adequate drainage to prevent water from collecting on
horizontal surfaces, along foundations, or on decorative
elements.
• Clean metal and wood fence surfaces using the gentlest
effective means to prepare for repainting and repaint as
necessary to maintain a protective paint film.
• Follow the design guidelines for maintaining wood, masonry,
and architectural metals as applicable.
4.Repair deteriorated fences and walls and their distinctive features
and materials by preservation methods appropriate for the
specific materials.
5.If all or parts of a historic fence or wall are too deteriorated to
repair, replace to match the original in design, dimension, material,
pattern, detail, and texture. If possible, limit replacement to the
deteriorated section only. Consider a compatible substitute material
only if it is not feasible to replace in kind.
6.If all or parts of a historic fence or wall are missing, either
replace them to match the missing original (based upon accurate
documentation) or replace them with a new feature that is compatible
in design, scale, material, and detail with the building.
7.Introduce compatible new fences or walls, if needed, with care
so that the overall historic character of the site and district is not
compromised or diminished. The location and configuration of new
fences and walls must be consistent with the character of the building
and site. Construct new fences and walls in traditional materials and
in designs that are compatible in configuration, scale, height, materials,
and detail with the district.
8.Introduce contemporary utilitarian fences and walls, if necessary,
only in rear or rear side yards and where they do not compromise
the historic character of the building, site, or district. It is not
appropriate to introduce contemporary vinyl or metal chain link
fences in locations that are visible from the street.
| Apply these guidelines to
existing fences and walls that contribute to the overall historic character of a site or district and to proposed new fences and walls in the historic districts. |
Page 22
Fences and Walls
Street
Frontage
This diagram illustrates the standards for fence heights. Fences along stret frontage and front property lines cannot exceed four feet. These areas are indicated by a hatched line. Fences may be up to six feet in height along rear property lines and rear side yards. These areas are outlined by a dashed line.
Back to Design Guidelines
This diagram illustrates the standards for fence heights. Fences along stret frontage and front property lines cannot exceed four feet. These areas are indicated by a hatched line. Fences may be up to six feet in height along rear property lines and rear side yards. These areas are outlined by a dashed line.
Back to Design Guidelines